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Perl Interview Questions and Answers

Perl Interview Questions and Answers

August 28th, 2019

Perl Interview Questions and Answers

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Best Perl Interview Questions and Answers

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Q1) What is Perl? What do you understand by it?

Answer: When it comes to choosing to the most powerful and reliable scripting language in the field of computer programming “Pearls” appears on the top of the list. The language has already gained popularity among the developers for its high-level features such as array manipulation, string manipulation, and Unicode support that are useful when it comes to developing real-life applications.

Q2) What is the full form of Perl?

Answer: The ‘Perl’ is the abbreviated term for the “Practical Extraction and Reporting Language” which is one of the strongest programming languages one the earth enriched with a number of features.

Q3) Describe the uses of the Perl?

Answer: Perl is basically used for critical projects including the defence projects and rapid prototyping.

Q4) Does the Perl programming have objects? Does it force you to use it?

Answer: Yes, the Perl programming contains objects and the programming language itself doesn’t force you to use any certain objects.

Q5) Can you dynamically load the binary extension in Perl?

Answer: Yes, the language allows you to load the binary extension dynamically if your system supports it. If your system doesn’t support it then you have to statistically compile the extension.

Q6) Write down the numeric operators in the Perl programming?

Answer: There are various operators in Perl including:

  • Comparison operators
  • Arithmetic operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • String concatenation:
  • comparison operators

From the above, the athematic operators work from left to right while on the other side the Bitwise operators work from right to left.

Q7) Write down flags or arguments that are used while executing a program in Perl?

Answer: There are so many different flags or arguments that are used in Pearl and some of them are given below;

  • e- Denotes execute
  • d-Denotes debugging
  • w- Denotes warning
  • c- Denotes compile only

Apart from these, the user can also leverage the combination of different arguments together.

Q8) Do the Perl variables have data type?

Answer: No, the Perl variables do not have any data type.

Q9) Which one has the highest precedence, Terms or list?

Answer: When it comes to making a comparison among the Terms or list, the terms have the highest precedence in the Perl programming.

Q10) Write down the data types that pearl can handle?

Answer: The Perl programming can easily handle:

  • Arrays- (@)
  • Scalars- ($)
  • Hashes- (%)

Whereas scalar just stores a sole value, arrays contain the list of scalars and hashes out of all contain arrays in Perl programming.

Q11) What -p and -n denotes in the Perl programming?

Answer: Both –n and- p are used to wrap up scripts in the loops. The –n is utilized to command the Perl language to execute the script in the loop. Whereas the –p performs the same task as –n but in addition, it uses continuously. In more concise words, both –n and –p is used together to execute the script.

Q12) Are Perl aliases faster than references? What do you think?

Answer: Yes, Perl aliases are faster than references and it is just because aliases don’t require any deferral.

Q13) Write down primary dereferences in the Perl Programming?

Answer: The essential dereferences in the Perl includes:

  • Hash variable (%)
  • Subordinates (&)
  • Arrays (@)
  • Scalar ($)

Q14) Write down any common instances in the CPAN module?

Answer: DBI and CGI are the two most common packages in the CPAN module.

Q15) Is the Perl case sensitive programming language?

Answer: Yes, similar to the Ruby, C++, and Java, Perl is also a case sensitive programming language.

Q16) Name the feature that provides code usability to the Perl?

Answer: The inheritance feature of the Perl programming gives it the code usability. In the inheritance feature, the child class can easily utilize the properties and methods of the parent class.

Q17) What option you would choose to scroll in Perl?

Answer: The built-in debugger can be used to scroll the entire program in the Perl language. Through this feature, you can also analyse the entire program line-by-line.

Q18) What are the first-hand guidelines of Perl, every user must follow?

Answer: Some guidelines in the Perl programming must be followed by users including:

  • The package name must begin with a capital letter.
  • The file you are using must have .pm in extension
  • In case if the user is going with no object-oriented technique then he has to be derived from exporter class

Q19) Why do you use ‘$_’ in Perl?

Answer: ‘$_’ in the Perl programming denotes the default variable in Perl programming and often known as default input and pattern space.

Q20) Highlight one main difference between exit and die in Perl?

Answer: Die will send a message before ending a program while exit will just end the program without sending any message.

Q21) Describe the purpose of group function in Perl?

Answer: In the Perl programming, group function is used to filter the list and find out elements that matches certain criteria.

Q22) Why -> symbol is used in Perl programming?

Answer: The arrow “->” symbol is used in the Perl programming to reach out a particular object.

Q23) Describe ways you can express string in Perl programming?

Answer: There are different ways to express string in the Perl programming. For example “this is mike66”

  • qq/this is mike66 double quoted string/
  • qq^ this is mike66 double quoted string^
  • q/this is mike66/
  • q&this is mike66&
  • q(this is mike66)

Q24) Explain what CPAN denotes?

Answer: The CPAN is the abbreviated term for the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, which is a hub of Perl documentation and software.

Q25) What do you understand by the closure in Perl?

Answer: In the Perl programming “closure” is used to block the codes to seal the environment where it is actually defined. Basically, it is implemented in the first place to capture any lexical variables that block consists of uses in outer space.

Q26) What is Perl one-liner?

Answer: The Perl one line is the command that can be executed on an immediate basis.

Q27) Describe the Ivalue?

Answer: Ivalue is the scalar value which is used by the developers to store down the result they have received from any expression. You can usually spot at the left-hand side of expression in memory.

Q28) How many control keys are there in Perl language?

Answer: In the Perl language, there are three main control keys known as:

  • Redo statement
  • Next statement
  • Last statement

Q29) What -a hold in the Perl programming?

Answer: The -an argument in the Perl programming denotes the command to automatically split the group of input files.

Q30) Who was the creator of Perl programming?

Answer: Perl- the high-level open-source programming language was created by famous developer “Larry Wall”.

Q31) How to give details to hashes?

Answer – Hash value is generated at the time of the given value. There is no word to word description of the hash content. The set of core values is known as the unwinding of the hash generated or change by an inventory. Values are the object of even numbers on the right side in the changing procedure and the object of even numbers is on the left side kept as the keys. Inner command of exploration is not in the hash.

Q32) Define the capacity of Global Variables?

Answer – In the interior part of the function of any complexity in a program global variables id used. We can see it in the entire program. In every part of the program global variable is available and can be used precisely.

Q33) What is scalar data in Perl?

Answer – Scalar is known as one organization. We can find a scalar in mathematics and physics. It is used as a piece of direction, details, and measures the direction of spaces in Mathematic. Fall every point in the area, to calculate temperature and charge differences for one changeable value is provided by a scalar. Rotation and translations do not convert because of the material amount. Perl operates scalar.

Q 34) What is known as a scripting language? It’s used.

Answer – Perl, it is also known as practical extraction and reporting language. For corresponding a strong and well-organized code for a difficult project in the protection field and rapid prototyping.

Q35)  Define the capacity of variables in Perl?

Answer It is the piece of program in which variables are attainable. The clarity of variables in a program is known as scope. There are two types of variables one is the global variable and the second is the private variable. The unwritten variable is known as private variables.

Q36) Define Perl String Literals?

Answer – The set of characters encircled by the quotes is called as String literals of pearl used as a single agenda. Usually, we use it for recognizing the name of files, for showing the messages and producing input. It is encircled by quotes, to use quotes such as single, double and black in pearl.

Q37) What is the use of Perl for and foreach statements? 

Answer – For looping above the element of a list is permitted by the loop statement. Every component in the list proceeds individually in every repetition. Because for the loop statement an object is mentioned as a foreach loop. Both for and foreach Loops are replaceable in Perl. You can use a foreach keyword in the place of for keyword.

Q38)  How to clear Perl for the repetition of Loop?

Answer – To define the repetition with clarity for Loop you have to announce it in the for a loop. Correlated component of the array to the $i repetition is given by the Perl. $i variable survive when the implementation of the loop. When the repetition is announced before arriving the loop then the Perl replaces the authentic value after the loop is stopped.

Q39) Define the capacity of Perl?

Answer –  

  • First $color is announced ad a global variable
  • Then, By mentioning the $color variable we can show the chosen color.
  • Then after, we will generate a new piece
  • Use my Keyword to announce a variable with the same name.
  • $color variable is unwritten is consider as a local variable and can see in the circle of a block.
  • Finally, we can show our favorite color in the block. So the first concern in this is the local variable.
  • In the end, Perl mentions the $color global variable and we have mentioned the $color variable.
  • Use our keyword to announce the global variable.

Q40)  How to control statements in Perl?
Answer With the help of logical operators. The statements like while, if, given, etc. is used to manage the flow of the program.

  • $a&&$b achieves logical, And of both variables and expressions.
  • Both variables and expression is confirmed by the logical && operator.
  • For variable and expression $a||$b achieves logical OR.
  • Originality of a variable or expression is confirmed by the logical ||
  • For variable and expression !$a achieves logical NOT.
  • The value of variable or expression is converted by the logical I such as TRUE to FALSE and FALSE to TRUE.

Q41) Explain the Eval function in Perl?

Answer – We can manage fatal error, runtime error, compile error by the Eval function as well as the error which stops your code. A piece of code or expression is in the Eval function of the Perl. When calling a subroutine is not defined in the script. Then the scripts stop declaring the undefined subroutine and XYZ.

Q42) Define the control structure of Perl Loops?

Answer – Four types of control stricter is supported by Perl such as foreach, whilefor, and until. To accomplish the code frequently these statements are used.

  • For Loop Perl – For code piece will accomplish until the state is contented.
  • Foreach Perl – The statement foreach is used as for. The only difference is there is no state to confirm and boosting.
  • While Perl – Control structure is known as Perl While. In which a piece of code is accomplished until the state is true. And the pieced block will leave when the state is false.
  • Unit Perl – In a conditional statement the piece of until code is the same as unless. If the state or until a block is False then the piece of code will accomplish.

Q43) Define Perl as object-oriented programming?

Answer Perl is situated to mention the data in a package Perl is to confirm a class. Perl is situated on references and undefined arrangements and hashes.
Perl handle object by the help of

  • Object – It is used to mention the data type for what class it be. A scalar variable is saved as a reference.
  • Class – Perl is considered as a package and includes the correlating methods for generating and operating objects.
  • Method – It is a subroutine describes with the packages. The first disagreement of the method is considered as a mentioned item or the name of the package. It lies in the live class or item.

Q44)  How to match the string pattern in the statements?

Answer – With the help of Perl’s regular expression. To text parsing, for matching patterns, we use a regular expression. Definite operators are used by the pattern of regular expression binding =- and !- are the operators of test and assignment.
The operators of Regular Expression

  • Perl match –m//
  • Perl substitute – s///
  • Perl Transliterate – tr///

Q45)  Define Subroutine of Perl?

Answer – Subroutine is the same as the other programming language functions. We can use a built-in function such as chomp, chop, and print, etc. In Perl, you can write our subroutine anywhere. The subroutine is suited at the beginning or end of the code.

Q46) Where we find pre-defined meaning in Perl?

Answer- The name and punctuation symbols are given by special variables as pre-defined meaning. Special variables are for Perl manages the variables such as hash, array and scalar. The Perl module option of English to utilize a special variable with the name.

Q47) Where we can store data as a list in Perl?

Answer – In an Array for every component is available by using a unique index number. In the Array, you can save numbers, floating values, strings and many more. An Array is described as “@” character.
For example – my@array;

  • Array for series
  • Array for size
  • Dynamic Array
  • Unshift, shift, pop and push Array

Q48)  Describe Hashes in Perl?

Answer – A hash can manage numerous scalars. It is a group of keys and values but there is no index. And it can be announced with the help of % sign and “key”. The hash variable name begins by the $ sign to mention a single component.

Q49)  Explain the format of Perl? 

Answer – For creating the output reports format is necessary. A template is considered as a format for output reports. Format can be used to write after describing a format.

Q50)  Describe CPNA?

Answer – It is a huge collection of the Perl documents and software. CPAN.pm is for downloading and installing the software of Perl from the CPNA archive. It is labored with the kindness and collaboration of numerous developers.

Q51) What is the closure in Perl?

Answer – Closure are applied as the unidentified subroutine with the instance of unwritten variables outside their capacity. At the time of the subroutine description, these unwritten variables are found. Closure crats awareness in the programming language in which we can replace the value of the function.

Q52) Name the command to accomplish immediately?

Answer One-liner command of Perl. It is very short and comfortable to provide a single line code. It contains benefits to convert the space of a line, replacing text, for calculating, for inserting number, removing and copy the particular lines, to examine logs, editing files, for statistics, updating, etc.

Q53) Define undef function in Perl?

Answer The variable does nor contains any given value then the undef function is used. You can differentiate it with NULL in PHP, JAVA, and NIL in Ruby. If the variables starting value is undef then it cannot print. The value of a variable is reconstructed by the help of undef.

Q54) How to examine the standard of code?

Answer- With the help of Warnings which we have generated. The warnings must focus on unwritten subjects. Typing mistakes are searched by the help of warnings. It can grab unsafe code. And manages the function of composed time or run-time action of Perl.

Q55) What is used for matching the pattern in Perl?

Answer – The function Grep is used to match the patterns. It works on the inventory. In the inventory, we can assess every component or block of every component. It is like the outcome to examine an expression for every declaration which comes back and the components are added in the inventory. 

Q56) What is DIE in Perl?

Answer – Your text will stop with the help of die function and provides an abnormal, view of a message on the request. Most of the time your writings are not accomplished or work properly then you have to stop your text. We can use die function in supreme cases. It can print a string message STDERR at the time of the request.

Q57)  Name the disadvantages of Perl programming language?

Answer- When an issue occurs it can’t solve an issue. It remains invisible from the capacity for operating text which causes the issue. It is not considered for the web developer who wants to learn for generating websites or applications. And does not have the capacity for enhancing the speed, scalability, and performance.

Q58)  Define the implementation of a program in Perl?

Answer – Perl can move anywhere and can implement it on any platform. Perl contains IDE so that we can write the Perl code in the notepad and after we can implement the program by using them immediately.

Q59) How to detach the last character of a string?

Answer – With the help of chomp (), we can remove it. And the number of characters comes back which is removed. It helps us to read the input data from the console. And to remove the newline(/n) character.

 Q60) How to convert arrays in Perl?

Answer – With the help of a slice function. Any part of an array is detached and return or the list of values by this function. We can detach and add numerous components that can differ or can be 0.

Q61) What are Perl packages?

Answer A group of code which lies in its namespace. We can describe the package in a file that contains the same name as the package and the addition of.pm. Two dissimilar module includes a variable or function with the same name. If a variable is not found in any packages exist in the main packages. All used variable exists in the main package.

 Q62) Describe Modules in Perl?

Answer- In a library file, the group of related functions is called Perl modules. To use it again they are separately designed with the help of other modules or programs. It is also known as Foo.pm includes statements.

  • To load a module, we need “require” and “use” function
  • For finding a module use the list of find path in @INC
  • For operating the code “require” and “use” function calls the EVAL function
  • 1; at the footer, EVAL for access to TRUE

Q 63) How to import all the functions in Perl?

Answer- With the help of the use function. All the functions are imported which are exported by the MODULE or mentioned by the LIST which is in the namespace of the current package. In the present text, it is used to force for editing directives.

Q64) Name the issue of Ivalue subroutines?

Answer – 

  • For proving the given value is very impractical
  • The value is not examined before the function because it is not available.
  • After the function, the value is not examined because the value accepts the function as consider as the conclusion in the subroutine.
  • Before recovery, you can perform or proceed further without examining the issue.

Q65) Use of Require function in Perl?

Answer- When the script wants the separated version pf Perl for proceeding EXPR numeric. It thinks the name as the name of the library file when EXPR or $_ are not numeric. We cannot keep the file again and again in the function. True value comes back in the form of the last declaration in the included file.