C# Vs Java

April 12th, 2019

C# Vs JAVA: A Detailed Comparison

C# and Java are general purpose object-oriented programming languages which have ample libraries that support to build web, desktop, mobile and other applications. These languages are efficient and widely popular among developers. Microsoft released C# to compete against Java which is an older language and already established its prowess. A common feature among these two is that both the languages support desktop and server applications.

What is C#?

A general purpose programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000, standardized by ISO and ECMA, it was designed for Common language infrastructure (CLI) and compiled into byte code. The latest version of C# is 8.0, released along with visual studio version 16.0 in 2018.

What is Java?

A general purpose programming language released by Sun Microsystems in 1995 was designed to implement the concept of WORA (Write Once Run Anywhere). Java programs run on Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and compiled into byte code. The latest version of Java is Java SE 10 released in 2018.
This blog post makes a comprehensive comparison and gives you an extensive of similarities and differences between C# and Java.
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Similarities between C# and Java

Designed for serving a similar purpose, but from the market competitors, C# and Java bear many similarities between them.

Object oriented languages

Both the languages have their functionality surrounded around a common entity – object. Hence, they both are object – oriented languages and widely use similar features such as classes, polymorphism and inheritance.

Modular Approach

Both the languages support modular approach, which allows reusing modules of code of one project into another project. Reusability of code was the attractive feature that this modular approach provided and this is the main reason programmers found it convenient to work with them.

Variable platform

Both the languages are compatible with any type of platform and can be used in the development of applications related to web, desktop or mobile.
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Syntax

The main reason these two languages have similar syntax is that they both are derived from C and C++. Hence, they have similar syntax, in fact an improvised one and hence the syntaxes of these languages avoids runtime errors, unlike in C and C++.

Compilers

After the process of compilation, an intermediary language code is generated for both C# and Java – C# generates Microsoft intermediate language code (MSIL) and Java generates Java byte Code. Hence this is yet another common feature between them.

Data type safe

The concept of exceptions is used at run time in C# and Java to avoid type error when data type of one object is assigned to another object.
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Single Inheritance

Both C# and Java support single inheritance, where only one path exists from any base class to any of its derived class.

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Differences between C# and Java

S.No	C#	Java
1.	C# was developed by Microsoft.	Java was developed by Sun Micro systems.
2.	Founder of C# is Andres Hejlsberg.	Founder of Java is James Gosling.
3.	C# supports operator overloading of multiple operators.	Java does not support operator overloading of multiple operators.
4.	C# implements rectangular arrays.	Java implements jagged array where single – dimensional array can be member of other array.
5.	Class properties concept is used in C#.	Java does not support class properties concept.
6.	C# uses delegates, which are type safe method pointers.	Java does not support the concept of delegates.
7.	C# is object oriented, component oriented programming language.	Java is class based, object oriented programming language.
8.	C# is used for web and game development, popular for mobile development.	Java is a complex web based highly concurrent application.
9.	C# requires .NET framework which provides huge library of codes used by C#.	Java requires JDK (Java Development Kit) to run its programs.
10.	C# is not efficient for cross platform with its byte code.	Java is highly efficient for cross platform with its byte code.
11.	The various tools of C# are Visual Studio, Mono develop, #develop	The various tools of Java are Eclipse, Net beans, IntelliJ IDEA.
12.	Difference in terms of syntax is: static void main (string[] args)	Syntax is: Public static void main (string[] args)
13.	C# is used to develop Microsoft platforms.	Java has a huge open – source ecosystem.
14.	C# has only one type of exception.	Java distinguishes between checked and unchecked exceptions.
15.	C# invokes virtual keyword in a base class and override keyword in a derived class.	Java enables polymorphism by default.
16.	In terms of includes: Using csharp. somenamespace.*;	Includes: Import javax. Swing. *;
17.	In C#, main method is always capital.	In Java main method is always small.
18.	C# supports namespaces.	Java supports packages.
19.	In C#, we use console. Writeline() and console. Readline() for input and output	In Java, we use system. Out. Println() and system. In. read() for input and output.

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Conclusion

Java has a big and better environment where its community is constantly growing by creating new libraries, frame work and even the tools. New languages such as Scala, Groovy, etc. are emerging based on JVM (Java Virtual Machine). Java is also a main language that is used by Google to develop Android mobile applications. Java has never lost its glamour despite many recent entrees into the software programming languages market.
C#, on the comparison, is used mainly on the .NET framework, Mono, etc. and other implementation of CLI (Common language infrastructure). C# applications will work efficiently on Microsoft – eco system, but with the latest tools and libraries, this feature is being upgraded too.
With a wide range of similarities and differences, one can choose a language based on the platform as Java and C# are best tools which excel in the task being done and developed. The decision is based on the feasibility, application that is required for development, platform support and finally maintenance.

Career path in C# and Java

If you are a beginner to software field looking for a stepping stone for your career, you should learn C# and Java for sure. A solid knowledge on both of them provides a strong foundation stone for your IT career and assures a brighter future. A knowledge of them is quintessential in case you are looking for any other emerging languages and tools too.
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